一个精心设计的警察巡逻路线设计对于在社会中提供社区安全和安全性至关重要。以前的作品主要专注于预测犯罪事件与历史犯罪数据。从基于位置的社交网络或签到和兴趣点（POI）数据的使用基本上地利用了用于设计有效警察巡逻的景点和景点的大规模移动数据。鉴于在现实情况下有多个警察在职，这使得解决问题更加复杂。在本文中，我们使用核对，犯罪，事件响应数据和POI信息制定多个警察的动态犯罪巡逻计划。我们提出了一个联合学习和非随机优化方法，了解可能的解决方案，其中多个警察同时巡逻高犯罪风险地区，而不是低犯罪风险领域。后来，实现了元启发式遗传算法（GA）和Cuckoo搜索（CS）以查找最佳路由。验证了所提出的解决方案的性能，并将使用现实世界数据集与几种最先进的方法进行了验证。

Many scientific domains gather sufficient labels to train machine algorithms through human-in-the-loop techniques provided by the Zooniverse.org citizen science platform. As the range of projects, task types and data rates increase, acceleration of model training is of paramount concern to focus volunteer effort where most needed. The application of Transfer Learning (TL) between Zooniverse projects holds promise as a solution. However, understanding the effectiveness of TL approaches that pretrain on large-scale generic image sets vs. images with similar characteristics possibly from similar tasks is an open challenge. We apply a generative segmentation model on two Zooniverse project-based data sets: (1) to identify fat droplets in liver cells (FatChecker; FC) and (2) the identification of kelp beds in satellite images (Floating Forests; FF) through transfer learning from the first project. We compare and contrast its performance with a TL model based on the COCO image set, and subsequently with baseline counterparts. We find that both the FC and COCO TL models perform better than the baseline cases when using >75% of the original training sample size. The COCO-based TL model generally performs better than the FC-based one, likely due to its generalized features. Our investigations provide important insights into usage of TL approaches on multi-domain data hosted across different Zooniverse projects, enabling future projects to accelerate task completion.

科学数据的一套简洁且可衡量的公平（可访问，可互操作和可重复使用的）原则正在转变用于数据管理和管理的最新实践，以支持和支持发现和创新。从这项计划中学习，并承认人工智能（AI）在科学和工程实践中的影响，我们为AI模型引入了一套实用，简洁和可衡量的公平原则。我们展示了如何在统一的计算框架内创建和共享公平的数据和AI模型，结合了以下要素：Argonne国家实验室的高级光子源，材料数据设施，科学数据和学习中心，Funcx和Argonne Leadersition的数据和学习中心计算设施（ALCF），尤其是ALCF AI测试台的Thetagpu SuperCuputer和Sambanova Datascale系统。我们描述了如何利用这种域 - 不足的计算框架来实现自主AI驱动的发现。

语言模型既展示了定量的改进，又展示了新的定性功能，随着规模的增加。尽管它们具有潜在的变革性影响，但这些新能力的特征却很差。为了为未来的研究提供信息，为破坏性的新模型能力做准备，并改善社会有害的效果，至关重要的是，我们必须了解目前和近乎未来的能力和语言模型的局限性。为了应对这一挑战，我们介绍了超越模仿游戏基准（Big Bench）。 Big Bench目前由204个任务组成，由132家机构的442位作者贡献。任务主题是多样的，从语言学，儿童发展，数学，常识性推理，生物学，物理学，社会偏见，软件开发等等。 Big-Bench专注于被认为超出当前语言模型的功能的任务。我们评估了OpenAI的GPT型号，Google内部密集变压器体系结构和大型基础上的开关稀疏变压器的行为，跨越了数百万到数十亿个参数。此外，一个人类专家评估者团队执行了所有任务，以提供强大的基准。研究结果包括：模型性能和校准都随规模改善，但绝对的术语（以及与评估者的性能相比）；在模型类中的性能非常相似，尽管带有稀疏性。逐渐和预测的任务通常涉及大量知识或记忆成分，而在临界规模上表现出“突破性”行为的任务通常涉及多个步骤或组成部分或脆性指标；社交偏见通常会随着含糊不清的环境而随着规模而增加，但这可以通过提示来改善。

Fine Tuning Target Tasks的连续提示最近被出现为完整模型微调的紧凑替代方案。这些有前途的结果的动机，我们调查了提取离散（文本）解释的可行性，持续提示忠于他们解决的问题。在实践中，我们在通过连续提示和最近的邻离分立投影解决的任务之间的“任性”行为：我们可以找到解决任务的连续提示，同时投射到任意文本（例如，不同甚至a的定义矛盾的任务），而在最佳连续提示的非常小（2％）的边缘内，对于任务相同的相同尺寸。我们提供这种奇怪和令人惊讶的行为背后的直觉，以及广泛的实证分析量化各种参数的效果。例如，对于更大的模型大小，我们观察到更高的任性，即，我们可以发现提示更紧密地映射到任何随意的任意文本，精度较小。这些调查结果与忠实地解释模型和任务持续提示及其概括的难度有关的重要意义，为提示语言模型的未来进展提供指导。

数据增强是自然语言处理（NLP）模型的鲁棒性评估的重要组成部分，以及增强他们培训的数据的多样性。在本文中，我们呈现NL-Cogmenter，这是一种新的参与式Python的自然语言增强框架，它支持创建两个转换（对数据的修改）和过滤器（根据特定功能的数据拆分）。我们描述了框架和初始的117个变换和23个过滤器，用于各种自然语言任务。我们通过使用其几个转换来分析流行自然语言模型的鲁棒性来证明NL-Upmenter的功效。基础架构，Datacards和稳健性分析结果在NL-Augmenter存储库上公开可用（\ url {https://github.com/gem-benchmark/nl-augmenter}）。

小型太阳能光伏（PV）阵列中电网的有效集成计划需要访问高质量的数据：单个太阳能PV阵列的位置和功率容量。不幸的是，不存在小型太阳能光伏的国家数据库。那些确实有限的空间分辨率，通常汇总到州或国家一级。尽管已经发布了几种有希望的太阳能光伏检测方法，但根据研究，研究这些模型的性能通常是高度异质的。这些方法对能源评估的实际应用的比较变得具有挑战性，可能意味着报告的绩效评估过于乐观。异质性有多种形式，我们在这项工作中探讨了每种形式：空间聚集的水平，地面真理的验证，培训和验证数据集的不一致以及培训的位置和传感器的多样性程度和验证数据始发。对于每个人，我们都会讨论文献中的新兴实践，以解决它们或暗示未来研究的方向。作为调查的一部分，我们评估了两个大区域的太阳PV识别性能。我们的发现表明，由于验证过程中的共同局限性，从卫星图像对太阳PV自动识别的传统绩效评估可能是乐观的。这项工作的收获旨在为能源研究人员和专业人员提供自动太阳能光伏评估技术的大规模实用应用。

Designing experiments often requires balancing between learning about the true treatment effects and earning from allocating more samples to the superior treatment. While optimal algorithms for the Multi-Armed Bandit Problem (MABP) provide allocation policies that optimally balance learning and earning, they tend to be computationally expensive. The Gittins Index (GI) is a solution to the MABP that can simultaneously attain optimality and computationally efficiency goals, and it has been recently used in experiments with Bernoulli and Gaussian rewards. For the first time, we present a modification of the GI rule that can be used in experiments with exponentially-distributed rewards. We report its performance in simulated 2- armed and 3-armed experiments. Compared to traditional non-adaptive designs, our novel GI modified design shows operating characteristics comparable in learning (e.g. statistical power) but substantially better in earning (e.g. direct benefits). This illustrates the potential that designs using a GI approach to allocate participants have to improve participant benefits, increase efficiencies, and reduce experimental costs in adaptive multi-armed experiments with exponential rewards.

While the capabilities of autonomous systems have been steadily improving in recent years, these systems still struggle to rapidly explore previously unknown environments without the aid of GPS-assisted navigation. The DARPA Subterranean (SubT) Challenge aimed to fast track the development of autonomous exploration systems by evaluating their performance in real-world underground search-and-rescue scenarios. Subterranean environments present a plethora of challenges for robotic systems, such as limited communications, complex topology, visually-degraded sensing, and harsh terrain. The presented solution enables long-term autonomy with minimal human supervision by combining a powerful and independent single-agent autonomy stack, with higher level mission management operating over a flexible mesh network. The autonomy suite deployed on quadruped and wheeled robots was fully independent, freeing the human supervision to loosely supervise the mission and make high-impact strategic decisions. We also discuss lessons learned from fielding our system at the SubT Final Event, relating to vehicle versatility, system adaptability, and re-configurable communications.

Modelling and forecasting real-life human behaviour using online social media is an active endeavour of interest in politics, government, academia, and industry. Since its creation in 2006, Twitter has been proposed as a potential laboratory that could be used to gauge and predict social behaviour. During the last decade, the user base of Twitter has been growing and becoming more representative of the general population. Here we analyse this user base in the context of the 2021 Mexican Legislative Election. To do so, we use a dataset of 15 million election-related tweets in the six months preceding election day. We explore different election models that assign political preference to either the ruling parties or the opposition. We find that models using data with geographical attributes determine the results of the election with better precision and accuracy than conventional polling methods. These results demonstrate that analysis of public online data can outperform conventional polling methods, and that political analysis and general forecasting would likely benefit from incorporating such data in the immediate future. Moreover, the same Twitter dataset with geographical attributes is positively correlated with results from official census data on population and internet usage in Mexico. These findings suggest that we have reached a period in time when online activity, appropriately curated, can provide an accurate representation of offline behaviour.